Free-space optics (FSO) is a technology that uses light propagating in free space to transmit data for telecommunications or computer networking. FSO systems use lasers or highly coherent light from light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to transmit information over a line-of-sight path through the atmosphere, typically 10–20 kilometers (6.2–12.4 miles). The data is usually modulated onto a beam of light using intensity-modulation or phase-modulation techniques.
FSO systems have been deployed in various applications such as telecommunications, enterprise networking, military communications, and security systems. FSO systems offer many advantages over conventional wired systems, such as fiber optics, and other wireless systems, such as radio frequency (RF) systems. FSO systems can be deployed quickly and easily, and do not require a line-of-sight (LOS) path. FSO systems are also immune to electromagnetic interference (EMI), and are not affected by weather conditions, such as fog and rain.
FSO systems typically use either visible light or infrared (IR) light. Visible light FSO systems use lasers or LEDs that operate in the visible light spectrum, typically at wavelengths of 850 nm, 940 nm, or 1,300 nm. IR FSO systems use lasers that operate in the near-IR spectrum, typically at wavelengths of 1,550 nm or 1,610 nm.
How does free space optics work?
Free space optics (FSO) is a communication technology that uses light waves to transmit data wirelessly through the air. FSO systems convert electrical signals into light signals and transmit them through the air using optical fibers or mirrors. The light signals are then received by a receiver, which converts them back into electrical signals.
FSO systems have a number of advantages over other wireless communication technologies. They are capable of transmitting data at very high speeds, and they do not require a line of sight between the transmitter and the receiver. FSO systems can also be used in locations where it is difficult or impossible to install traditional wireless infrastructure, such as in buildings or underground.
Disadvantages of FSO systems include their high cost and their susceptibility to atmospheric conditions, such as fog and clouds.
Why is FSO needed?
The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) is responsible for regulating the electromagnetic spectrum in the United States. One of the ways the FCC does this is by issuing licenses for the use of certain frequencies.
Some frequencies are reserved for specific uses, such as broadcast television or radio. Other frequencies are available for general use, but the FCC still requires that a license be obtained in order to use them.
The FCC has set aside a certain portion of the electromagnetic spectrum for use by the federal government. This portion is known as the Federal Standard Order (FSO) band.
The FSO band is used by various federal agencies, such as the Department of Defense, for communication purposes. The use of the FSO band by the federal government is regulated by the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA).
The NTIA is responsible for ensuring that the federal government has access to the frequencies it needs for its operations. The agency also works to ensure that the federal government does not interfere with the use of the electromagnetic spectrum by the general public.
The FSO band is a vital part of the electromagnetic spectrum that is used by the federal government for its communication needs. Without the FSO band, the federal government would not be able to effectively communicate with its various agencies and departments. What are the disadvantages of FSO? There are a few disadvantages of FSO, or Free-Space Optics, technology. One is that it is disrupted by weather, such as fog, rain, or snow. Additionally, FSO is a line-of-sight technology, so it can be disrupted by obstacles, such as buildings or trees. Finally, FSO is a newer technology, so it may be more expensive than other options.